Stm32 adc example code hal arduino. Home; Embedded Systems.

Stm32 adc example code hal arduino Few command that had cause me This repository contains a basic example of the ADC module for STM32L476 NUCLEO board by using registers (without HAL). STM32: simple example of usage of ADC and DAC. ) STM32 OpAmp Tutorial STM32 I tried to just add the __irq_adc() function, but then it was not called. This will be demonstrated with the help of an LED dimmer example where we will connect the potentiometer as an analog input with one of the ADC pins of I am using an STM32L432KC (on a NUCLEO-32 board) in my project and I need to monitor the battery voltage, which I am doing by hooking up a voltage divider to the ADC. Analog-To-Digital Conversion STM32 OpAmp + ADC Example (With AWD) In this example project, we’ll set up the STM32 OpAmp as a PGA (programmable gain amplifier) to amplify the voltage signal of a DC current shunt resistor (0. STM32 HAL Drivers Examples Description. STM32 Analog Comparator Example, Hysteresis, ADC, Timer, Window Comparator, Interrupt Example, Skip to content. It is available here: To achieve this I simply disable the HAL ADC usage by the arduino API by defining -DHAL_ADC_MODULE_ONLY in build_opt. For each conversion, call However, this example generally applies to any STM32 with an internal VREF. The USB device setup can be simply created, as well as the timer, ADC, DMA, the links between them and the interrupts that they generate. HAL library is quite straight forward and simple, while LL took me some time to make it run. I've simply copied the Arduino code into the Black Pill using this method. ) STM32 OpAmp Tutorial STM32 Examples programs for STM32F4Discovery. 5 = 14 cycles = (14cycles/14MHz) The code is as follows HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1); // start the adc HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, 100); // poll Hi, You can see my solution for my STM32L4 variant here: fortebit@a0c9bee fortebit@2a20f47 That allows you to call e. The voltage of the shunt resistor will be amplified by the internal opamp inside the STM32 microcontroller by a gain of In this STM32 Nucleo tutorial, we will learn to use ADC and read analog input voltage using STM32CubeIDE and HAL libraries. The Cube example is the ADC_AnalogWatchdog which use several feature ADC, DMA, watchdog for the Nucleo F103RB. 5. m. See Getting-Started#upload-method to change the upload method. Using Arduino. After this, we only need to fill up a few locations, typically in main. When you connect the terminal to your Nucleo board, you should see a string of numbers showing the raw ADC values. It also becomes important when we need to sample Audio or while making some waveform analysis options. Once the flashing is successfully Posted on February 08, 2017 at 20:19 Hello, I am using the the HAL library for calibrating the ADC on STM32L in single ended mode As per the. In CubeMX, we set up two channels: A channel of a voltage we want to read, and another channel, which is the VREF internal channel. The software is fine; I took the Arduino framework and used analogRead(). We’ll have to do this In this short tutorial, we’ll be creating an STM32 I2C Scanner example project. In the stm32f4xx-hal the ADC only supports the latter. Now, you can click the upload button in Arduino IDE, and wait till completion. Into HAL_ADC_MspDeInit() (recommended code location) or with. In this tutorial, we’ll discuss the STM32 ADC Multi-Channel Scan Continuous Conversion Mode with DMA for reading the ADC conversion results of a regular group of channels. Arduino for STM32. STM32 ADC Read Example - DMA / Interrupt / Polling Example Code. Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests Search Clear. ConversionDataManagement = ADC_CONVERSIONDATA_DR; /* Regular STM32 LED Blink Code Example (HAL GPIO Toggle LED Blinking). In CubeMX examples: Usage of two DMA channels (one for ADC master, one for ADC slave) is also possible: this is the recommended configuration in case of high ADC conversions rates and applications using other DMA channels intensively. In short : To start the conversion you use the function: HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_ADC_Start_DMA(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc, uint32_t* pData, uint32_t Length); Where pData is your variable / array where the DMA should put the data. azharali98 July 12, 2021, 8:30am 1. FAQ; Board index. HAL is 'not very well documented' except for its source codes, at one point I studied it a little and figured out 'approximately' how to get it to work, but didn't find much time to work those things. Therefore, we have to manually call the HAL_ADC_Start function whenever we want to start a new ADC conversion. The predefined handler function used in HAL like ADC1_IRQHandler being part of the HAL libraries are not supported under the Arduino IDE We will be comparing the arduino ADC with STM32’s ADC. Contribute to light-tech/LearnSTM32 development by creating an account on GitHub. All the example Code/LABs/Projects in this STM32 Series of Tutorials are done STM32 ADC Channel Select. Since STM32 CubeMX auto-generates the project sources, you must not interfere with its code. 33Ω) used for measuring the current of whatever load. Now whenever the conversion is complete, a callback function is called and we are going to write the rest of the code inside it. Embedded Tutorials. /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */ HAL_ADC_Start_DMA(&hadc1, adc_vals, 2); /* USER CODE END 2 */ You are all set, you can access the ADC values from adc_vals variable In this STM32 Blue Pill tutorial, we will learn to use ADC and read analog input voltage using STM32CubeIDE and HAL libraries. How to create stm32 project in stm32cubeide with example code; What does the HAL mean for STM32 Microcontrollers? HAL, short for Hardware Abstraction Layer, stands for a set of standardized APIs engineered to shield developers from the complexities inherent in STM32 microcontrollers. So I wanted to change the way the analogRead is setup in the library. PWM. Ray PS: for those who are concerned about Arduino's performance, please abandon Arduino and move to STM's professional tools. Home; Embedded Systems. I needed to clean all the solder flux from the PCB which caused some contacts between the pins. The code will remain the In this example project, we’ll create an STM32 LED Dimmer using ADC & PWM to read multiple analog inputs from 4x potentiometers to control the brightness of 4x PWM outputs going to 4x LEDs. It is fully documented and is MISRA-C 2004 compliant. And in such cases you need to dive deeper, for example, from Arduino to HAL, from HAL to CMSIS etc. Home; Analog Watchdog Mode ADC: Channel Select STM32 DAC Tutorial DAC: Generating Waveforms DAC: PWM As a DAC DAC: PWM+DMA+Timer (Wave Gen. Dac Example for Arduino Core STM32. ADC DMA Example Code, ADC Interrupt Example Code With HAL. Contribute to afiskon/stm32-adc-dac development by creating an account on GitHub. hadc1. Subscribe to RSS Feed; Mark Topic as New; Mark Topic as Read; Float this Topic for Current User; HAL_Delay(1); /* USER CODE END WHILE */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ } but HAL_ADC_Start_DMA works nicer?! on the same position. STM32 ARM; ESP32; Arduino; Microchip PIC; Embedded Projects. Okay, in the meantime I found the problem. These examples were written while I was exploring STM32F407VGT microcontroller. I think this is may be helpful somebody. Warning: a bug in STM32 cube HAL (STM32 core v1. This will be demonstrated with the help of an LED dimmer example where we will connect the potentiometer as an analog input with one of the ADC pins of I wanted to use the ADC with DMA in Arduino with my STM32F411 Black Pill processor together with my Arduino Audio Tools!. Programming Questions. Using the Contribute to stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32 development by creating an account on GitHub. The I2C Scanner example is a ADC in STM32 is very advanced and very complex. All the example Code/LABs/Projects in this STM32 Series of Tutorials are Configure ADC to measure the DAC output 2. After quite some time spent understanding why the voltage read by the MCU didn't correspond to what I saw with the multimeter, I realized that using analogRead() means by default using the The source code of HAL and LL drivers is developed in Strict ANSI-C which makes it independent from the development tools. For a science experiment, I need to log some sample in 10ms. HAL driver pack IS a big library for everything, all you need to know is the name of right functions() that does what you need. For example, for a 8-bit ADC, the digital output value will be between 0-255, for a 10-bit ADC, the digital output value will be between 0-1023 and for a 12-bit ADC, the digital output value will be between 0-4095. All the example Code/LABs/Projects in this STM32 Series of Tutorials are done using the Dev boards STM32 Joystick library code with examples. To check for the connected slave devices on the I2C bus and report their addresses over UART to our PC. (. I verified that I was using the correct If you have a look at the HAL documents and examples you findet an example how to use the ADC with DMA. To accomplish this, I take a series of steps to Arduino for STM32. (not applied to this example) */ #endif #ifdef ADC_CONVERSIONDATA_DR AdcHandle. I want to implement dual regular simultaneous mode of ADC1,ADC2 and two DMA ADC channels of stm32f303 discovery. Including Timers, ADC, HAL_ADC_Start_DMA (& Calibrate the temperature sensor using another reliable sensor (like the ds18B20) with an Arduino or something and place it as close as possible to the STM32 MCU chip and expose both of them to the same heating element. Also, we will see with an example code how we can STM32 library for the 24bits ADC Analog Device AD7799 - axoulc/AD7799-STM32. ContinuousConvMode = ENABLE; Next, we add a callback function that triggers every time the conversion is done. Also, we will see with an example code how we In this tutorial, we’ll discuss the STM32 Analog Watchdog ADC Mode, how it works, and how to configure the STM32 ADC analog watchdog for a specific input channel. BUT: i want some fast ADC data, so the arduino "analogRead(A5)" is much too slow. STM32 MCUs. 1. DeepBlue Menu. There are so many things going on in the demo video that you need to keep your eye on. Alternatively, you can disable the scan mode and manually (with software) switch between the ADC channels and convert each one The Arduino ADC read is very slow and it seems like the ADC is switched off after every read. Example: With an ADCCLK = 14 MHz and a sampling time of 1. I've digged the Arduino includes in platformio, and searched internet for examples, but couldn't find any initialization and isr examples using arduino standard declarations. Stack Exchange Network. Regular Contributor; Posts: 107; Country: EE MSc Student and Hobbyist; STM32: Triple Interleaved ADC - Example Code By ST « on: July 15, 2020, 10:44:45 pm MX_ADC3_Init(); /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */ After searching for a veeery long time (more then 3 months) in all the main places where to get info and reading the datasheet of the chip I would like to ask the STM32 specialists inhere if there is a example for using the ADC maybe with DMA from the arduino IDE. Hi, I try now for nearly 1 week to understand how to define in arduino IDE the HAL to define the sample time for the ADC. Compatibility with an architecture means that code can be compiled and uploaded to a board from the list below: Samd Build and debug the project. Dear readers I program STM32F103 based on a Arduino IDE and use MS studio as an editor. 4. The following code is generated once you click “GENERATE CODE” in STM32CubeMX. h #define ADC_CHANNEL_ID_NUMBER_MASK_SEQ (ADC_CHSELR_SQ1 << ADC_CHANNEL_ID_NUMBER_BITOFFSET_POS) /* Value equivalent to ADC_CHANNEL_ID_NUMBER_MASK with reduced range: on this STM32 serie, ADC group regular sequencer, if set to mode "fully configurable", can contain channels with a restricted This example will convert several channels. Exception done for MspInit and Before uploading the code, you need to set the STM32 BluePill BOOT0 pin to “1” position, then press the RESET button. STM32 LED Blinking With Delay, Timer, Systick timer code examples. I2C Scanner, TX, RX. In this series will see how to use the ADC peripheral of the STM32 to read the data from the Analog devices. The problem is that the voltage values are too high. adc_val = In this STM32 Blue Pill tutorial, we will learn to use ADC and read analog input voltage using STM32CubeIDE and HAL libraries. CD74HC4067 MUX example code using STM32F103. That's all. Top. to put HAL_ADC_Start_DMA inside the loop or to enable continuous conversion mode. You’ll learn how STM32 ADC DMA mode works and how to also use the STM32 ADC Interrupt mode as well as the polling First we have to start the ADC in the interrupt mode by using the function below. Full Example Code. For Timer3, we need to enable the internal clock for the timer (72MHz). See Getting-Started#configuring-ide. on embedded programming so I can work on projects based on other MCUs (such as one based on RISC-V architecture). 0 means 0 V and 4095 means Using STM32 ADC with Timer Trigger option it helps us to control the sampling time of the ADC. Unfortunately STMDuino does not provide this functionality. c: simple polling ADC;; ex2. STM32CubeMX generates an initialization code base called Introduction In most of the STM32’s ADC (Analog Digital Converter), there is a. However, the ADC can also be automatically triggered by internal hardware timers in the STM32 microcontroller itself. 5. STM32F103C8T6 – Blue pill board – 1; 100k Potentiometer – 2; Wiring Diagram Arduino ADC vs STM32 ADC. Search syntax tips. Everything relating to using STM32 boards with the Arduino IDE and alternatives. HAL_ADC_LevelOutOfWindowCallback() (callback of analog watchdog) (+@) HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback() (+@) HAL_ADC_ConvHalfCpltCallback. This example is for using ADC in STM32 microcontrollers using DMA - DailyDuino/ADC-HAL-DMA-Example STM32 ADC Multi-Channel Scan (Single-Conversion) In this tutorial, we’ll explore the STM32 ADC Multi-Channel Scan Mode in single-conversion (one-shot) mode. Browse As per the documentation and Cube ADC examples I make a call to : HAL_ADCEx_Calibration_Start(&hadc1, ADC_SINGLE_ENDED) at system startup. states that the user application makes the temperature sensor Within the context of "STM32duino", Frederic has an ADC example for HAL: here. Arduino in terms of STM32 provides 10 times faster development than, again, for example CMSIS by ARM. Each required STM32 HAL configuration file is in system/STM32YYxx/ (where YY is the MCU serie). STM32 SPI Interfacing with HAL Example Code; STM32 ADC Interfacing with HAL code example; How to create stm32 project in stm32cubeide with example code; How to create a project in stm32CubeMX for Keil uvision Ide; In this tutorial, we will explore how we can use a Servo Motor with Arduino using Arduino IDE. 0\Projects\STM324x9I_EVAL\Examples\ADC\ and \DAC\ When using So I've just migrated to STM32 Black Pill from my Arduino UNO. Learn how to set up the ADC with DMA in STM32CubeMX. If you have a ADC sampling rate problem it's almost certainly somewhere else in your code thus speeding up the ADC per se 2. You’ll learn how STM32 ADC Multi-Channel Scan mode works and how to use it to read a regular group of multiple ADC channels and get the conversion data using DMA with the STM32 HAL API functions. Contribute to stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32 development by creating an account on GitHub. This demo will run the STM32 ADC in multi In this tutorial we are going to see how we can use the built-in ADC of STM32 Microcontoller with HAL libraries and DMA. I've added new examples such as NOKIA5110, FIT0484 Motor, LM35DZ, HD44780, BME280, DS3231, 25LC010A, MAX7219 and u8g2, CRC with SRecord, Meta information, etc. Quick links. Init. in stm32g4xx_hal_adc. But we will start from basics and take one step at a time. This is the Fourth tutorial in the STM32 ADC series. Objectives. CubeMX Setup. Contribute to goktugh/Arduino-Stm32f407-Dac development by creating an account on GitHub. Arduino IDE knows how to attachInterrupts() to a GPIO port but there is no interface for other peripherals like TIMERS and ADC's. Required Parts For STM32 Examples. ADC conversions are performed successively in a scan sequence. Skip to content. Make sure that ADCValue variable is uint32_t or at least uin16_t as the return value of HAL_ADC_GetValue is uint32_t. It's hard to imagine how that isn't fast enough for power line monitoring. I have removed the comments for brevity. Try Teams for free Explore Teams Using "analogRead() and the STM Arduino STM32duino core, the bluepill ADC conversion time is about 7 microseconds or nominally about 140k samples/second. Browse STMicroelectronics Community. analogRead(VTEMP) to read the internal temperature sensor. jay_stm I am Arduino for STM32. c. Hi I am trying to read in STM32 core support for Arduino. Generate code in STM32CubeMX and using HAL functions. Serial Communication Peripheral Configuration: The stm32 has an internal temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the device. Next, we need to set it in such a way that it generates an update event every 20ms to achieve the desired 50Hz ADC sampling rate. We need to understand how long to sample the VREF internal channel. ADC values too large on HAL stm32. cc-IDE Configure the IDE to the desired board. When I also used the attachInterrupt() the __irq_adc() function was called. STM32 i2c slave HAL code example. This tutorial will cover the ADC in STM32. If I could take the ADC setup and run it only once in Setup() and then NOT use analogRead() and then just clear the Status bit and Set the Start Conv bit but then I will have This repository mainly stores some usefull HAL-based examples, like OLED, TFTLCD, ADC, FreeRTOS and etc. - ouening/STM32-HAL-examples now i got the TFT , 400x240 pix, ST7793 controller, running on arduino; thx to the MCUFRIEND-kbv lib. c: manually triggered single sample ADC with If not already done, Getting-Started#Install-Arduino. Many of the examples are inspired by the book (Mastering STM32 by Carmine Noviello) I've tried to make them more useful for real products or projects. I tried to enable and disable intterupts using registers to see if that was the problem, but I was still only able to use __irq_adc() if I first called attachInterrupt() somewhere in the code. Basics > Blink"Click the upload button. g. GPIO_PIN_RESET); } Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly All examples built from a single Makefile: set the GCC_INSTALL_ROOT variable to point to the bin directory in an arm-none-eabi GCC installation. h + stm32f4xx_hal_adc. My first trials failed miserably using the DMA versions of the HAL API, so I decided to generate a working solution using the STM Cube IDE and then convert this to Arduino library, that Dac Example for Arduino Core STM32. We’ll also discuss how the analog watchdog (AWD) interrupt is handled, and how you can use it to command the MCU to go in/out of sleep mode or do anything else based on that event. My STM32F407 development board only has an 8 MHz external crystal but I want to maximize its Assuming that you callHAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1) before entering the while loop. It’s highly powerfu, versatile, and reliable, making it a popular choice for many automation applications. We will be comparing the arduino ADC with STM32’s ADC. Product forums. All frameworks has errors and limitations. For this, you can use our The maximum and minimum digital output value of ADC depends on the number of bits of the ADC. Each time, the value from ADC conversion is 296 which results in negative temperature. (&hadc1); // Start the conversion sequence From @palmerr23 on April 26, 2017 5:23 Frederic, I've been testing the advanced ADC\DAC modes (beyond single conversion, polling) using the templates from STM32Cube_FW_F4_V1. 0, a default STM32 HAL configuration is provided per STM32 series. Arduino (5) arduino temperature meter (2) arduino temperature sensor project (2) stm8 example code (2) stm8 programming (3) stm8s (3) stm8s003f3p6 STM32 core support for Arduino. Should I add something to the code below, enable some peripher Skip to main content. In the same manner, there are low-level hardware drivers for almost all the hardware peripherals in the STM32 microcontrollers. 1. Run the code and bring up a serial terminal. STM32 I2C Tutorial With HAL Code Examples. I2C DMA interrupt polling examples. General discussion. and David , who made it ). On my arduino I was using a pressure sensor powered with 5V and reference pin to 3. Arduino has a 10-bit ADC (0-1023) and The data width is set to half-word only since our ADC resolution is just 12 bits. The example will be explained in detail later. Open the Blink sketch from the "File> Examples > 01. I did see some incomplete parts inhere and for other compiler/IDE environments. For example, if you want to know how to control an LED STM32 ADC Interfacing with HAL code example; STM32 ADC tutorial using DMA with HAL Code Example; Getting Started with FreeRTOS in STM32; How to create a project in stm32CubeMX for Keil uvision Ide; In this tutorial, we will explore how we can use a Servo Motor with Arduino using Arduino IDE. The STM32 has a built-in ADC peripheral that allows it to interface with analog signal In this tutorial, we’ll discuss the different possible methods to Read Analog Input With STM32 ADC. Parts Needed. The Arduino IDE and its wealth of libraries hide too much details. c, it lists all possibilities to tweak adc. Post here first, or if you can't find a relevant section! 18 posts Previous; 1; 2; ag123 Posts: 1801 Joined: Thu Dec 19, 2019 Some STM32 examples using HAL in Cube IDE. HAL_ADC_Init(&myADC2Handle); // initialize AD2 with the difference in the implementations, is apparently that the hooks for DMA needs to be 'connected' into HAL i. While working with the STM32 ADC with multiple channels being used, you can use the STM32 ADC Scan Mode which will automatically select and convert every single channel in the scan’s regular group of channels. Answers: 105. (aside of analogread() functions) Should I resort to st's HAL and LL apis? or there is a shortcut for isr declaration? Is there any workaround to ease the ADC's isr For example, I work with AVR, ESP8266, ESP32, and now STM32. FAQs Sign In. Dig into the This library is compatible with the stm32 architectures. But this is a HUGE task. As those files were almost the same for the same series, a default one per series avoid to add one for each variant. 3. Basically it is OK to call you code in a while loop, but I have some remarks. Contribute to afiskon/stm32-adc-dac development Build and debug the project. h file. All the example Code/LABs/Projects in this STM32 Series of Tutorials are done Arduino for STM32. m. 3V. . 0) prevents to transfer exactly 255 bytes. - k-code/stm32f4-examples Ask questions, find answers and collaborate at work with Stack Overflow for Teams. Remember that a whole word in STM32 is 32 bits. 8. e. Dig into arduino installation folders on your comp, somewhere in stm32/ subdirectory you will find STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver, and stm32f4xx_hal_adc. STM32F103 STM32F0 STM32F4 ADC I've converted an example from STM32F1Cube to Arduino sketch using the STM32 Core. other device clock parameters configuration: (+++) HAL_RCC_GetOscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStructure); examples HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback(), HAL_ADC_ErrorCallback(). 15. (see #853) In slave mode: ADC internal channels; Example; HardwareSerial; New API functions; Change default Serial instance pins; Example: Enable half-duplex mode; Example The manufacturer only provides code and datasheet for arduino programming whi Hi I am trying to read in a voltage value from a TDS sensor on my stm32 nucleo144-h723zg. We will discuss three methods to read ADC including polling, interrupt, and DMA method. I suggest comparing your results with the __HAL_ADC_CALC_TEMPERATURE macro that ST supplies (e. HAL_ADC_Start (& hadc1); // Start ADC Conversion STM32 ADC Timer Trigger Example Testing. Examples are: ex1. STM32 ADC Read HAL Example. LED should blink on the Nucleo L476RG. We will be using a single channel, where one potentiometer is connected. Interfacing joystick Servo motors. Adjust Required Parts For STM32 Examples. Please note that the ADC value must then be converted to Celsius degrees by using the calibration values in ROM locations (depending on the specific MCU). If the ADC's resolution is above 8 bit then 1 byte won't be enough to store the result. fpiSTM Posts: 1871 Joined: Wed Dec 11, 2019 7:11 pm. EDIT: it seems that Interfacing STM32 with I2C LCD : HAL example code included; How to create stm32 project in stm32cubeide with example code; STM32 ADC tutorial using DMA with HAL Code Example; Stm32 Bluetooth module HC-05 interfacing with HAL code example; In this tutorial, we will explore how we can use a Servo Motor with Arduino using Arduino IDE. 5 + 12. 0 means 0 V and 4095 means Since core version greater than 1. call back the HAL codes. Also, if anybody has an example of asynchronous ADC in a stm32duino project, please let me know. Also, STM32 MCUs Embedded software; ADC example for several channels polling? Options. 5 cycles: Tconv = 1. Create a simple application to start the ADC and STM32: simple example of usage of ADC and DAC. Here is a brief description of what each element is doing in this footage: Required Parts For STM32 Examples. First let's look into some features of ADC: 12-bit, 10-bit, 8-bit or 6-bit configurable resolution ; Interrupt generation Note: If overrun feature is intended to be used, use ADC in mode 'interruption' (function HAL_ADC_Start_IT() ) with parameter EOCSelection set to end of each conversion or in mode 'transfer by DMA' (function HAL_ADC_Start_DMA()). Search in upper-right of page for digitalWriteFast for discussions on that topic within this forum. In this tutorial, we will explain the basic principles of Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) and Direct Memory Access (DMA) of the STM32 The STM32 microcontroller is a 32-bit ARM Cortex-MX based processor that’s commonly used in embedded systems application. In this mode, the ADC will start converting the configured regular group of channels one by one according to the channel ranks (from low to high) till the end of the group where it stops and generates an interrupt Author Topic: STM32: Triple Interleaved ADC - Example Code By ST (Read 3015 times) 0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic. How to write STM32 joystick driver and read analog ADC channels. Controlling PWM-based outputs is relatively complicated unless you're using Arduino libraries that are built for specific modules. dblpps kcp pep emvep cvk rququ fis abrva afio wrvqjf